In data centres, the power factor (PF) refers to the ratio between the active power and the total power(apparent power). It indicates how effectively electrical energy is used.
The apparent power indicates the total electrical power in the system. This also includes reactive power. The active power shows the actual, usable power. The apparent power is therefore a combined representation of the active and reactive power that is required to provide and maintain the electrical system.
The active power and the apparent power are in phase when the power factor is 1.0 or 100 per cent. This indicates optimal use of the electrical energy. However, if the power factor is less than 1, energy is lost in the system because it is not used effectively.
Data centres try to achieve a high power factor in order to maximise energy efficiency. A low power factor may be due to the fact that electrical systems that support energy supply and distribution are not working optimally.
If the cause is found, the power factor in the data centre can be improved and thus energy losses can be reduced. This can be achieved by using power factor correction equipment or optimising the power supply.
